Thyroid
It is a butterfly shaped gland in the front of neck. It produces hormones (T3/T4) which controls the energy levels and metabolism of our body. Diseases are caused by either an overactive or underactive thyroid. They help patients reach a hormone balance. Endocrinologists are specially trained to manage patients with hypo/hyperthyroidism, thyroid nodules and thyroid cancer.
Thyroid Disorders
- Hypothyroidism
- Hyperthyroidism
- Thyroid swellings (nodules) which may be benign or malignant
Treatment for Hypothyroidism
The treatment is replacing the deficient thyroid hormone. This is done by administering thyroid hormone (thyroxine) in a tablet form taken in empty stomach. Dietary restrictions like avoidance of certain vegetables like cabbage, cauliflower etc are usually not recommended. Periodic monitoring with blood tests (T4 and TSH) is necessary for adjusting the dose.
Treatment for Hyperthyroidism
The treatment options include medications, radioactive iodine to destroy the overactive thyroid gland or rarely surgery. Treatment decision is done on an individual basis depending on individual circumstances. Regular follow up is needed.
What are thyroid nodules?
Thyroid nodules - single or multiple are swelling in the thyroid gland (goitre). Few clues which may suggest malignancy include rapid enlargement of the nodule, hoarseness of voice and breathing or swallowing difficulty. The most important step is to know whether these are malignant or benign. This most vital test is FNAC (Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology) wherein a needle is put into the thyroid nodule and the cells are aspirated and analyzed. The next step i.e whether the nodule or the whole gland needs surgical removal depends on the result. Accessory tests like ultrasound of the neck and technetium scan of the thyroid gland are done to guide the treatment decisions. Fortunately, majority of the nodules of the thyroid are benign and do not require surgical removal.